Dhanbad district was constituted in 1956 by carving out the old Dhanbad subdivision, Chas and Chandankiyari police stations of the Sadar subdivision of the erstwhile Manbhum district. Dhanbad is Police district since 1928. The re-organisation of the districts in the State of Bihar which took place after 1971 did not affect the district of Dhanbad. In 1991 a part of Dhanbad district was sliced away to form Bokaro district.
Dhanbad has a rich history of growth, urbanisation and migration of people. The early history of the Dhanbad is shrouded in mystery. Details of even later periods are difficult to trace. The present district used to be a part of Manbhum. In the Settlement Report for Manbhum (1928) it was stated that no rock inscriptions, copper plates or old coins were discovered and not a single document of copper plate or palm leaf was found, during the Survey and Settlement operations. The oldest authentic documents produced were all on paper and barely even a hundred years old. Dhanbad was in Manbhum district from 1928 up to 1956. However, on 24 October 1956, Dhanbad was declared a District on the Recommendation of the States Reorganization Commission vide notification 1911. And from 1956 to 14 November 2000 it was under Bihar. At present it is in Jharkhand, after the creation of state on 15 November 2000.
Dhanbad is about 500-1000 feet above sea level. Its soil is mostly lateritic in nature. The rivers flowing through Dhanbad are Damodar, Mayurakshi, barakar, Koyal, sankh, Son, Auranga, More, Karo, Bansloi, South Koel, Kharkai, Swarna Rekha etc. Damodar which is the most important river of the Chotanagpur plateau rises in Palamu and flows eastward between the plateaus of Ranchi and Hazaribag. It is joined by the Bokaro, the Konar and the Barakar rivers. Charak Pathar, Chati Gobindpur, Gopalpur, Jhinjhipahari, Meva, Panrra, Chark - Khurd, Topchanchi, Maithon, Panchet, Jamadoba are the attractions in and around Dhanbad. Many technical institutes, collages, and research institutes also form the attraction of the city.