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Bihu Festival is a set of three important non-religious festivals in the Indian state of Assam—Rongali or Bohag Bihu observed in April, Kongali or Kati Bihu observed in October, and Bhogali or Magh Bihu observed in January. The Rongali Bihu is the most important of the three, celebrating spring festival. The Bhogali Bihu or the Magh Bihu is a harvest festival, with community feasts. The Kongali Bihu or the Kati Bihu is the sombre, thrifty one reflecting a season of short supplies and is an animistic festival.
The Rongali Bihu coincides the Assamese New Year and with the Indian New Year festivals like Baisakhi, Bishu, etc. as well as with other regions of East and South-East Asia which follow the Buddhist calendar. The other two Bihu festivals every year are unique to Assamese people. Like some other Indian festivals, Bihu is associated with agriculture, and rice in particular. Bohag Bihu is a sowing festival, Kati Bihu is associated with crop protection and worship of plants and crops and is an animistic form of the festival, while Bhogali Bihu is a harvest festival. Assamese celebrate the Rongali Bihu with feasts, music and dancing. Some hang brass, copper or silver pots on poles in front of their house, while children wear flower garlands then greet the new year as they pass through the rural streets.
The three Bihu are Assamese festivals with reverence for Krishna, cattle (Goru Bihu), elders in family, fertility and mother goddess, but the celebrations and rituals reflect influences from aborigine, southeast Asia and Sino-Tibetan cultures. In contemporary times, the Bihus are celebrated by all Assamese people irrespective of religion, caste or creed. It is also celebrated overseas by the Assamese diaspora community living worldwide.
The term Bihu is also used to imply Bihu dance otherwise called Bihu Naas and Bihu folk songs also called Bihu Geet.
Bihu comes from the Dimasa Kacharis language and people, who were agrarian ever since the immemorial time. The meaning of Bi is 'to ask' and meaning of Shu is 'peace and prosperity'. Thus, Bishu became Bihu for accommodating linguistic preferences. They consider their supreme god as Brai or Father Shibrai. During this festival, the season's first crop is offered to the supreme god and the people wish for prosperity and peace.
Three Bihu Festivals
The celebrations for festival Rongali Bihu begins in mid-April and continues for a month. Other than this, in addition, Assam celebrates two more Bihus - Kongali Bihu, which is celebrated in September or October, and Bhogali Bihu, which is celebrated in January. All these three Bihus are related to farming. In fact, many other festivals are celebrated at the same time all around India.
Rongali Bihu
Rongali Bihu is also popularly known as Bohag Bihu. This festival indicates the beginning of Assamese New Year, which is around April 15 during the spring season. This signals Hindu solar calendar's first day and New Year is celebrated in various regions such as Bengal, Kerala, Manipur, Orissa, Nepal, Tamil Nadu and Punjab and are called with different names. It is a merry time of feasting for seven long days. The fields are prepared for paddy cultivation and women of the house prepare traditional food called Larus which is made of coconut and rice, Jolpan and pitha which brings in a new charm to the whole season.
In the first day, the cattle is worshipped after washing also called as goru or cow bihu. This is then followed by manuh or human bihu, when people clean themselves and dress in new clothes. Third day after this is indicated as Gosai or Gods bihu. During this time, the Gods' statues are worshipped and are prayed for a smooth and healthy new year.
Kongali Bihu
Kongali Bihu or Kati-Bihu is celebrated in mid-October. During this time, the field paddy is fully grown. The Farmers' granaries are almost empty. This Bihu is not celebrated with much or merriment like Rongali Bihu.
Bhogali Bihu
Bhogali Bihu or Magh Bihu takes place during mid-January. This name is derived from Bhog, which means enjoyment and eating. This is known as the harvesting season and marks its end. The granaries are all full this time. All the people feast and eat during this time.
Assam is a land of fairs and festivals. Most of the festivals celebrated in Assam have their roots in the diverse faith and belief of her inhabitants, but a spirit of accommodation and togetherness characterizes the celebration of all festivals. The perfect fusion of heritage of her numerous races has made Assam the home of the most colorful festivals which are passionate, compelling and mesmerizing reflecting the true spirit, tradition and lifestlye of the people of Assam.
